Maria wants to provide out-of-band management for her SCADA devices, which are deployed across her organization's large physical infrastructure in multiple distinct production facilities. Which of the following is an appropriate solution to meet her needs?
Answer Options
Administrative access via a web client installed on each system that requires Windows-based domain authentication
Administrative access via nonstandard ports using a secure protocol like SSH
Administrative access via a second, physically separate Ethernet network with access controlled via VPN and multifactor authentication
Administrative access via physical access to the devices when needed
Correct Answer: C
Explanation
Separate, physically isolated Ethernet networks that require strong authentication are a commonly used out-of-band (OOB) option. While direct physical access is also an acceptable out-of-band option, it does not work well in a complex, production-oriented environment where devices may not be safe or easy to access. Web clients and nonstandard ports are not out-of-band options as described.