Valerie is concerned that the data obfuscation technique that her organization is using to ensure customer data is not visible to staff members who do not need to see it for their jobs may be vulnerable to client-side tampering. Which of the following techniques is most likely to be vulnerable to client-side tampering resulting in de-obfuscation?

Masking may be conducted in client-side code, resulting in potential exposures of data. Secure designs require masking to occur in server-side code rather than in the client-side web application. Tokenization typically relies on a separate database or field, making it less likely to be a problem. Encryption and hashing are both unlikely to have problems with client-side tampering, making them less secure.